How to Define Project Success

How to Define Project Success Introduction Projects pose new opportunities and new challenges that are defined by their peculiarities. Projects as a phenomenon could be described by the following words: â€Å"limited, temporary, innovative, unique, and multidisciplinary† (Ika, 2009, p. 6). It is not surprising that a whole branch of management is nowadays devoted to this phenomenon. One of the related aspects that remain unsolved is that of project success and its assessment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How to Define Project Success? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the dawn of the project management, it was common to define the success with the help of the â€Å"iron triangle† which consists of time, quality, and costs. However, as the scientific and empirical material accumulated, it became evident that these three characteristics, important as they may be, are not enough, and the perspectives from which a project can be as sessed are extremely numerous (Ika, 2009). Apart from that, some factors of project success can be described as â€Å"implicit†, vague (such as, for example, customer’s satisfaction), and they are particularly difficult to assess (Ika, 2009). As a result, the question of defining projects success remains open. According to Welch-Devine (2012), one of the main problems that prevent scientists from creating valid guidelines for project evaluation is the absence of a clear, consistent definition of success in general. The author proceeds to point out that most works attempting to define success remain vague. Ika (2009) describes similar difficulties and, in fact, proceeds to explain the reasons due to which success as a notion is so challenging to define. At the same time, this problem does not appear to prevent researchers from attempting to suggest frameworks of project success assessment. In fact, recognizing the opinion that the notion of projects success leaves room for interpretation seems to be beneficial for studies: it encourages researchers to take into account a bigger scope of situations. The position of Welch-Devine (2012) is understandable since the vagueness of terms is not appreciated by science, and project success could certainly be defined as a term. However, it should be admitted that the multidimensional, complex nature of the notion makes it especially difficult to provide a valid definition of success (Ika, 2009). At the same time, defining success for particular projects seems to be a more manageable task. Definitely, the results of any project need to be studied from numerous points of view, but the scope of issues that is embraced by the general notion of success is much more extensive and much less assessable. It could be therefore concluded that defining the process of project success measurement may turn out to be more manageable and important than defining the notion of project success in general.Advertising Loo king for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Points to Be Criticized According to Ika (2009), it is not uncommon for project management researchers to assume that the meaning of the notion of success is obvious (p. 6). This means that the problem of its definition is simply ignored. Alternatively, it may be solved by bringing in the notion of failure, which appears to be just as vague and relative as that of success (Ika, 2009). At the same time, it should be pointed out that in the context of project management both the ideas of success and failure are not always sufficient to describe the projects outcome. This happens due to the fact that the success of a project should be regarded from different perspectives (Ika, 2009). The examples for this point of view will be provided further in the paper. Therefore, it is useless to deny that the notion of success is not defined and stays vague the time being. It is also understandable that vagueness is not scientifically appreciated. However, it should also be pointed out that the notion of success is not the only vague term that is used in scientific studies. The attempts at defining the concept are definitely worth attention. At the same time, the attempts at creating a framework for the assessment of the success of particular project can turn out to be just as useful, especially right now, when the general phenomenon is not completely defined. To prove that the studies of the process of project success assessment are just as challenging and important as those of the generalized notion of success, we are going to dwell on the relativity of the issue and the interrelation of the concepts of success and failure. Project Success Definition While the generalized notion of success is indeed extremely broad, the assessment of every project success cannot be limited to the iron triangle as well. Instead, it is a complicated issue that requires extensive research. The Relativity of Failure and Success One of the factors that complicate the process of defining any projects success is the fact that it should be regarded from different perspectives. It is obvious that the various groups of stakeholders have different aims, and the research by Davis (2014) provides a consistent illustration to this fact. According to this research, a project manager is first and foremost interested in the costs of the project, and only then in the quality, while it is of primary concern for the customer. Apart from that, according to the study, the levels of quality which can satisfy the managers do not necessary coincide with those expected by the customer. Besides, while the mentioned factors are the most important for the selected groups of stakeholders, they are not the only ones that matter.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How to Define Project Success? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, recent studies have underlined the importance of social and ecological outcomes which corresponds to the modern environmentalist trends and should be respected by a responsible company (Welch-Devine, 2012).  Apart from that, it could be useful to mention the difference between project management success and that of the project itself. Definitely, the two notions are interrelated, but the success of either does not immediately depend on or trigger the success of the other one (Bryde, 2003).  Still, the success of project management is, in my opinion, one of the components of the overall projects success that needs to be taken into account.  In order to provide the examples for this paper, Toyota Camry project is going to be described. Even though in 2008 Toyota officially left General Motors behind, becoming the largest car company in the world, that very year the company recalled more than 4 million vehicles. In 2010, another 2.3 million c ars were recalled, and the company admitted being in a crisis caused by the poor quality of its products (Andrews, Simon, Tian, Zhao, 2011). Technically, this crisis was caused by the mismanagement of a number of failed projects, for example, that of Toyota Camry, one of the models that were massively recalled because of acceleration problems. The first reports about these problems appeared in 1999, but the company denied being responsible for it. From the point of view of managers, at the time the project was a success: it was successfully carried out in accordance with the new cost-saving program (due to which the quality of the constituents was not exactly satisfying) and was being sold, bringing profit to the company (Andrews et al., 2011). However, such a project assessment was valid only in the short-time perspective.  From the point of view of the customers, a car with accelerating problems is a failure. Moreover, given the dangers connected to this particular kind of diff iculties, it is evident that the trust of the customers was reducing, and the reputation of the company was getting damaged. Later, Toyota further decreased customers satisfaction through a remarkably incompetent crisis management strategy. It appears, that the company refused to realize that while the success of a project can be assessed from the point of view of its management, other stages of a products life must also be taken into account. The Interrelation of Failure and Success While some of the aspects of the interrelation of failure and success have been mentioned in the previous section, there is more to be said in this respect.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The big picture. Taking into account the big picture does not presuppose an unjustified broadening of the studies limits. It is obvious that the contribution of the project to the companys development is an important part of its success. The problem of Camry car project was neglected by Toyota for more than seven years mostly due to the fact that the companys success made its managers overly optimistic (Andrews et al., 2011). The company is still recovering from the damage dealt to its reputation, partially because it failed to assess the level of successfulness of their products and compare the worrisome tendency to the big picture in a proper way. A consolation prize: learning the lesson. Still, as we know, Toyota Camry has not disappeared from the market, and nor did other projects that proved to be unsuccessful from the point of view of the 2007 recall. Having learned its mistakes, Toyota pays more attention to the quality of its products and to the customers satisfaction. It ca n be proved by the fact that last year Toyota recalled more than 6.5 m cars worldwide (Rankin, 2014, para. 2). Even though this does not sound like success, it should be pointed out that the vehicles were recalled because of the problems that have been detected by the company but that had not led to any kind of trouble. To compare, General Motors also has to recall a number of cars, but this companys negligence has allegedly caused 13 deaths (Rankin, 2014, para. 14). Toyota has obviously learned the lessons of its failures and implements the new knowledge for new projects. It should be pointed out that the analysis of a project success is particularly important from the point of view of gaining experience. Scientific Guidelines All the information presented above proves the fact that the notion of project success is an extremely relative and complex issue. At the same time, it does not mean that a projects success cannot be measured. Quite the oppose: a projects success can and shou ld be measured; it is the notion of success as a whole that does not necessarily require a static definition in the context of a particular case study. Such an approach could cause difficulties and vagueness which is never appreciated in the scientific circles. However, it does not prevent researchers from finding generalized and universal frameworks for project success. For example, Todorović, Petrović, Mihić, Obradović, and Bushuyev (2015) suggest a framework that instructs a manager to take into account the key performance indicators that â€Å"represent a set of measurable data used for evaluating and measuring performances in implementation phase† (p. 774). While the authors do provide the examples of such factors, they do not attempt to enumerate them or to define the level of success for them. The resulting framework is not vague; it is schematic indeed, but it offers a structure of assessment for almost any kind of project. Being very flexible, it prov ides guidelines without constricting the researcher and encourages open-minded thinking. Conclusion Upon criticizing certain tendencies in project success assessment, the following points have been presented in this paper.  While the attempts at defining the notion of success have been made throughout the past decades, it appears that this problem has not been solved yet. Technically, the dichotomy of failure and success may be not a suitable framework for the assessment of a projects results. The assessment of every projects success is a complex process that is supposed to incorporate the investigation of its results perceived from numerous perspectives.  This does not mean that the success of a project cannot or should not be assessed. Quite the opposite: a consistent analysis of a projects success can provide the company with invaluable experience. It is obvious that if an existing framework is suitable for any particular case analysis, it should be used. Still, an analysis m ust not be limited to the usual guidelines. In case a company desires to learn and develop, its managers need to be open-minded about everything, including the assessment of project successfulness. References Andrews, A., Simon, J., Tian, F., Zhao, J. (2011). The Toyota Crisis: an Economic, Operational and Strategic Analysis of the Massive Recall. Management Research Review, 34(10), 1064-1077. doi:10.1108/01409171111171474 Bryde, D. (2003). Modelling Project Management Performance. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 20(2), 229-254. doi:10.1108/02656710310456635 Davis, K. (2014). Different Stakeholder Groups and Their Perceptions of Project Success. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), 189-201. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.02.006 Ika, L. (2009). Project Success as a Topic in Project Management Journals. Project Management Journal, 40(4), 6-19. doi:10.1002/pmj.20137 Rankin, J. (2014, April 9). Toyota Recalls More Than 6.5m Cars over Steering an d Seat Problems. The Guardian. Web. Todorović, M., Petrović, D., Mihić, M., Obradović, V., Bushuyev, S. (2015). Project Success Analysis Framework: a Knowledge-Based Approach in Project Management. International Journal of Project Management, 33(4), 772-783. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.10.009 Welch-Devine, M. (2012). Searching for Success: Defining Success in Co-Management. Human Organization, 71(4), 358-370. doi:10.17730/humo.71.4.y048347510304870

Services Directive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Services Directive - Essay Example Services Directive The first of these is that the implementation of the application of the country of origin principle, which requires that only the law of the country in which the service provider is located should be applicable. Further, it enjoins upon the Member States not to restrict in a discriminatory way services from a provider established in another Member State. Second, empowering citizens to use the services provided by any other Member State without being delayed or discouraged by restrictive measures imposed by their country. Third, creation of a mechanism to provide assistance to citizens who use a service provided by an operator established in another Member State and fourth, the allocation of tasks between the Member State of destination and origin, in respect of the posting of workers. This directive is not applicable to non – economic and non – remunerated activities. Hence, it is not applicable to the non – remunerated activities of the governments of Member states in respect of its cultural, educational, legal and social commitments towards its citizens . The origins of this directive lie in the questions thrown up by the incident described in the next few lines; a liqueur, Crà ¨me de Cassis, was not allowed to be imported and sold in Germany by the importers Rowe-Zentral AG. The reason for this was cited as low alcoholic content for that particular type of alcoholic drink. The importer approached the European Court of Justice, which challenged the validity of national legislation that was attempting to introduce non – tariff barriers to trade. ... The importer approached the European Court of Justice, which challenged the validity of national legislation that was attempting to introduce non - tariff barriers to trade.2 One of the main bastions of the free movement of goods within the EU is the principle of mutual recognition. Its genesis lies in the above cited EU Court of Justice famous Cassis de Dijon judgment of February 20, 1979. This principle requires that, every Member State to accept products on its territory which are legally produced and marketed in another community Member State. The right of Member States is restricted to challenging this principle in cases involving risk to public safety, health or the environment. In such cases the measure taken must be in conformity with the principles of necessity and proportionality. On the 4th of November 2003, the European Commission published a communication aimed at illuminating the principle of mutual recognition.3 A businessman is often forced to abstain from selling a product, which does not satisfy the technical rules of that Member State, owing to ignorance as to how to proceed in such a discriminatory situation. A technical rule gives the specifications which define the features necessary in a product like its composition, presentation, packaging, labelling etc. The aim of this communication is to spell out the rights and methods of appeal which economic operators may derive from the principle of mutual recognition, when they encounter such difficulties. On the whole, wherever provisions of a national law are incompatible with the principle of mutual recognition, the national courts and administrations have to guarantee the full impact of the principle by removing, of their own

What caused the Great Sepoy Rebellion of 1857-8 Essay - 1

What caused the Great Sepoy Rebellion of 1857-8 - Essay Example The role of the Indian sepoys was a central one as without their initial rising, other classes would not have been able to initiate such a high level of revolt. The hatred of sepoys attracted all other classes as well and this in turn resulted in the great sepoy rebellion and one of the major rebellions in the history of India. It is often referred to as the first Indian nationalist uprising. Although people from all over India were involved, the major areas of rebellion included the Northern areas of India and Bengal. The Indian sepoys tried to popularize the event by asking the last Mughal emperor to re-establish the Mughal Empire. Through this, they did gain wider support; however, the emperor did not have much power left. Therefore, the revolt was not successful to be turned into a widespread national revolt as the British were able to control it to some extent. Although the rebellion started as a military cause, it took on hold as majority of Indians joined this to show their resentment against the British. After the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the British took hold of Bengal and took advantage by introducing reforms and policies against the peasants and traders. Along with this, other major causes including religious, political, social resulted in the great rebellion of 1857. The most important cause of this great rebellion included the growing resentment of the Indian sepoys towards their British masters. These sepoys were basically peasants and therefore, supported the farmer community of India at that time. Therefore, the adverse policies of the British government for the agricultural sector greatly affected the feelings of the sepoys as well as they could relate to the actual feelings of the farmer community. Secondly, these sepoys were greatly dissatisfied with the discriminatory promotion and payment policies. The European soldiers were paid more salary although the majority chunk of the work was done by the

Boston Beer Company Essay Example for Free

Boston Beer Company Essay

Prison: Inside and Out Essay -- Criminal Justice

Freedom in any society is a condition that is directly correlated to the compliance of society’s rules, regulations, and laws. This right afforded to citizens under the constitution is surrendered by those who choose to disregard and trample on the set of standards and behavior needed for a society to maintain order and avoid anarchy. When loss of freedom is the tool used to punish this segment of society, prisons become the instrumentality used to carry out the various freedom restrictions under the law for each individual. Citizens who find themselves incarcerated in prison will be exposed to an entirely different environment than those in free society. In addition, there is a psychological impact on those being reintroduced into society after having completed long-term sentences, an impact many believe contribute to the high recidivism rates in the United States. The criminal justice system with all of its connected inner workings may not address all of the concerns inside and out of our current prison system, but just as we have improved on our prisons from the past, we will continue to improve and implement new techniques and design precise programs in our future prisons. The saying, crime does not pay, probably held more significance a century ago when the judicial system and prison officials focused on the idea that severe punishment was the best deterrent to crime. Punishment in prisons was more than just loss of freedom, it involved chain gangs, hard-labor, the hole, and other inhumane treatment designed to ward off the would be criminals and beat the current criminals into submission. Today, Jeremy Bentham’s theory that punishment must outweigh the benefits of crime is addressed only through loss of freedoms. Prison... ...I Law Enforcement Bulletin: http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/law-enforcement-bulletin/july-2010/cell-phones-as-prison-contraband Coley, R. J., & Barton, P. E. (2006). Lock Up and Locked Out: An Educational Perspective on the U.S. Prison Population. Princeton New Jersey: Policy Evaluation and Research Center. Retrieved April 28, 2012, from http://www.ets.org/Media/Research/pdf/PIC-LOCKEDUP.pdf Hanson, D. J. (2010). Effectiveness of D.A.R.E. Retrieved from Alcohol Problems and Solutions: http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/youthissues/1059145293.html McDonnell, B.. (2011). Improving Public Safety through Prisoner Reentry Programs. Ripon Forum, 45(2), 6-7. Retrieved April 29, 2012, from ProQuest Social Science Journals. (Document ID: 2387305821). Seiter, R. P. (2011). Corrections an Introduction. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education.

Essay Level4 Health and Social Care Unit 41

|HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE | |KNOWLEDGE SPECIFICATION | |Particular Activity Planned to Assess relevant Units (s) : | |Candidate: |Assessor: | |AIVET PHIRI | | |Date of Activity: |Location: | |Units/ |Details |KS | |Element/Pcs | | | | 41-1 |Any information you know that will improve the communication needs of a service user must be recorded | | | |in the communication book and care plan in a shareable and easy to read form, also it is important to | | | |access information on the language preference of the service users, permission should be asked before | | | |accessing such information and the information should be kept confidential.. According to the Human | | | |Right Act 1998 gives everybody the freedom of expression. Everyone has the right to respect for his | | | |private and family life, his home and his correspondence.There shall be no interference by a public | | | |authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is | | | |neces sary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic| | | |well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health and | | | |morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. † Every individual and key people | | | |has the right to information, freedom of speech, right to life and religion. | | | |Also the Associated essay: Unit 4 M1Discrimination act is an Act to make it unlawful to discriminate against service users on the| | | |language difference . No individual should be discriminated against on any of the following grounds, | | | |race, sex, gender, colour, language, culture, disabilities etc. | | | |Equal opportunity Act gives very individual should be treated equally regardless of their gender, | | | |culture or sex i. e. Nobody should enjoy preferential treatment over the other when it comes to | | | |communication and treatment of language e. g. here a service user has a different language from the | | | |care worker and other service users it is the duty of the manager to employ whom could assist the | | | |staff and the service users to understand them self by interpreting the language, so that the needs of| | | |the service user can be meet. Carer can also learn some words from the service user language as this | | | |also promote good relationship. | | | |The data protect ion act gives individuals the right to see the information recorded about them and | | | |ensures that information should be treated with outmost confidentiality and must not go beyond | | | |authorised boundaries.Therefore records and reports must be treated confidentially, they should be | | | |legibly written, factual, objective, dated, timed, signed, the use of past and present continuous | | | |tense and they should be kept in a safe place for confidentiality. | | | |By having a vivid knowledge about these legislations, as a team leader I am responsible to incorporate| | | |the requirements of these legislations when communicating, recording and reporting with individuals’ | | | |key people and others. | | |When completing Records and Reports | | | |The Data Protection Act 1998 gives people a right to see the information recorded about them | | | |All information recorded about communication needed of service user or ways in which you found more | | | |helpful should be | | | |- Accurate | | | |- Factual | | | |- Clear | | | |- Easy to read | | | |Any information recorded must also keep confidentially. Do not leave confident material lying around | | | |in public areas. Whatever the purpose of the information, it is important that you record it | | | |accurately. It is also important that you pass one any information correctly in the right form and to | | | |the right person . Although information could be pass by telephone ,Fax, Email, post etc.Whatever | | | |means it is passed, it must be kept confidentially and service user consent must be seek before such | | | |information is shared. | | | |Provide active support for the individual:-Active support is giving service users the opportunity of | | | |expressing their independence in whatever they want to do. In this case, I make them do what they are | | | |capable of doing and what they enjoy doing which is in their best interest. It improves their | | | |intellectual skills and energy and it serve as a developmental procedure as well. | | |- Using Positive Body Language;- We can guess the feelings and thoughts that another person has by | | | |looking at their eyes ,face, posture, body movement, and cheerfulness promote good relationship and | | | |ensure service user are able to express their needs. | | | |Active Listening:- Paying attention to what service user makes them feel as an individual and | | | |entourage them to express their view and needs.This could be done by sitting at reasonable distance | | | |to them and look at them in the eye and touch or stroking their hand to show or send messages of care | | | |and affection. | | | |- Give them sufficient time to say and respond to any issue being discussed. | | | |- Maintaining eyes contact also makes the service user feel that we are listening to them. | | | |- Employ interpreter who can interprets the language of the service user. | |41-2b |- Sign language such as flash cards, picture and communication | | | |Recognise the uniqueness of individual and their circumstances:- | | | | | | | |Every individual has got their own style, way of life culture, race, ethnicity and circumstances, | | | |medical and mental status so this has to be put into consideration. Checking the individual care plan | | | |allows you to know their needs and strength on communication. where a service user has a different | | |language from the care worker and other service users it is the duty of the manager to employ whom | | | |could assist the staff and the service users to understand them self by interpreting the language, so | | | |that the needs of the service user can be meet The Equal treatment act:- the principle of equal | | | |treatment in the area of employment, covering disability, religion or belief, sexual orientation and | | | |age.Knowledge of this makes me ensure that I have to put into consideration the uniqueness and | | | |circumstances of individuals when communicating with them. | | | | | | | |Empower individual to take responsibilities ( as far as they are able within the restrictions placed | | | |upon them) and make and communicate their own decisions about their lives actions and risk.Providing | | | |active support also comes into this context which is the ability of giving individuals the opportunity| | | |of expressing their independence in whatever they are capable to do. An example is a case were the | | | |lunch was to be served and an individual couldn’t state his demand clearly and I happened to be in | | | |the unit by then. As the team leader I used sign language in order to make them communicate their | | | |demands.An example of empowering them to take responsibility might be by making them to do their | | | |laundry, escort them for shopping or by setting the dinning tables with my supervision | | | | | | | |How to manage ethical dilemmas and conflicts for individuals, those who us services and | | | |staff/colleagues, about communication, r ecording and reporting. | | |As a team leader in order to manage ethical dilemmas in term of communication recording and reporting,| | | |I just have to be professional in everything I say and write about individuals and to encourage other | | |41-2c |to do so. In this case I can avoid going beyond professional boundaries. In case an ethical conflict | | | |arises in such situation then I have to carry out a professional corrective measure in handling it. | | | |E. g. hen there is a misunderstanding between two individuals I need to calm both individuals down and| | | |separate them then listen to their complains then settle it amicably following equal treatment to make| | | |both involved happy | | | | | | | |How to challenge information, document, systems, structure, and procedure and practice that is | | | |discriminatory, especially to individuals communication and information needs. | | | |Basically in order to challenge information that are discriminatory I do the followings: | | | |I take disciplinary actions.Due to what might have happened by following the disciplinary procedure. | | | |Restructuring:- if the structure is discriminatory, a restructuring strategy will go a long way to | | | |combat the situation. | | | |Training:- This will boost the exposure of the team members and will aid their communication skills. | | | |Re orientation:- it is very important to re orientate members of my team if they are use to a certain| | |41-2d |act that is discriminatory and they have no know ledge about it. | | |Meetings:- this can be held in order to combat discriminatory situations. | | | |Review:- This will also go a long way in yielding positive results. | | | |Making use of legal and organisational procedure:- it is very important to seek legal or supreme | | | |advice during discriminatory situations. | | | |Accurate recoding and reporting: – documentation is quite important as well. It can be referred to | | | |over and over again. | | | | | | |Coded of practice and conduct, and standard and guidance relevant to your own and the role, | | | |responsibilities, accountability and duties of others when communicating recording and reporting | | | | | | | |The code of practice could be referred to as conditions that set the standard for the practice in the | | |41-4 |care setting. The main aim is to guide the team members and their leaders in the practice of their job| | | |and to make the care setting free from abuse discrimination and a couple of other things.It defines | | | |the roles and responsibilities of team member and their employer and also helps in making decisions. | | | |The code of practice for Employers of social care employers sets down the responsibilities of | | | |employers in the regulation of social care workers. | | | |Below are the roles of team leaders under the code of practice that reflects to communication. | | | |You must have given policies and procedures in place to enable social care workers to meet the CQC’s | | | |code of practice for social care workers. | | |You must put into place and implement written policies and procedures to deal with dangerous, | | | |discriminatory or exploitative behaviour and practice. | | | |Strive to establish trust and confidence of service users and carers. | | | |Make sure that you maintain eye contact with the service user when you are talking and avoid staring, | | | |sit where you can be comfortably seen. Don’t sit where someone has to turn in order to look at you. | | |-show by your gesture that you are listening and interested in what people are saying | | |41-5 |- nodding your head will indicate that you are interested and receptive but be careful not to overdo | | | |it and look like a nodding dog | | | |- you can show your caring and concern by using touching to communicate your caring and concern | | | |- be aware of a person’s body language which should tell if he or she finds touch acceptable. | | | | | | | |Recording and reporting | | | |Sometimes there may be the need to pass on information to other colleagues or other health care | | | |professional who contribute to the well-being of service users. Some of the things may need to | | |recorded are | | | |Signs and symptoms indicating a change in the condition of an individual | | | |Signs of a change in the care needs of an individual | | | |Difficulties or conflicts that have risen and actions taking to resolve them | | | |Actions you have taken or notice to promote the communication need of such service user | | | |All information recorded should be | | | |- Clear | | | |- should be factual | | | |- It should be legible | | | | | | | |Current local, UK and European legislation and organisational requirements, procedures and | | | |practice for: | | | |Protecting individuals from harm and abuse: – Pova, Health and safety, CRB, employees health check, | | | |knowledge from training. I have to make sure that all team me mbers go through the CRB check, medical | | |41-6 |status check taking vaccinations against hepatitis’ B or C, vesicular, and MMR before they are being | | | |employed.It is also essential that I ensure the health and safety of the working environment as well | | | |in order to make it free from abuse and accidents. | | | | | | | |Making and dealing with complaints and whistle blowing:-Complaints procedures, This has to do with | | | |the organisational procedure we do have the introduction and application of complaints forms and the| | | |same time whistle blowing procedures as well.For example if an issue arises and I happened to | | | |notify my superior, if she doesn’t take any action it is important for me to report to the regional | | | |manager and if the regional manager doesn’t take any action as well, I am saddled to report to a | | | |governing body which might be CQC with or without disclosing my identity. | | | | | | | |Promoting your organisationà ¢â‚¬â„¢s service and facilities- Quality assurance should be put in place to | | | |promote the organization’s service and facilities e. g. were there is a leakage is the duty of the | | | |manager to call the plumber to fix it as this has to do with health and safety procedures and | | | |maintenance.Health and Safety at Work act 1974- The following are the direct quotes from this | | | |legislation â€Å"It shall be the duty of every employer to ensure as far as reasonable practicable, the | | | |health and safety and welfare of all his employees† | | | |â€Å"it shall be the duty of every employee to take reasonable care of the health and safety of himself | | | |and other people who may be affected by his act or omission at work. | | |It is also mandatory for every employer to ensure that all equipments are checked and serviced from | | | |time to time. | | | | | | | |Managing and processing request for health and care services, and the parameters for accepting o r | | | |rejecting requests for your organisation. | | | |This has to do with the organisational policy and procedure which relates to other organisations | | | |request in order to provide services.Like inter- care and other organisations that are sending | | | |request in order to supply a couple of products and explaining to them the health and care services | | | |that your organisation provide and you can tell them where to go in order to get such services | | | | | | | |Workplace policies and procedures could be accessed in the following ways: | | | |From computers, file | | | |For example if the information of a client is stored in a computer or another data operating system | | | |and it is pass worded. For me to get access to such information I need to request for the password | | | |from my superior, the regional manager or the head office. | | | | | | |How to access and record information, decisions and judgement about and individual’s communication and| | | |lang uage needs and preference electronically and manually. | | | |Information about an individual could be access manually from the care plans, from the individual, | | | |social service, friends, family of the individual and the GP. It could also be accessed electronically| | | |via telephone, internet, email and fax. Always request for the are plan of an individual before | | | |dealing with them and ask if you are not sure about any of the information, and up date data | | | |electronically by pass wording and keeping the filed in their appropriate place to observe the data | | | |protection | | | | | | | |How different philosophies, principle priorities and code of practice can affect inter agency and | | | |partnership working when communicating, recording and reporting. | | | |In this case the other agency’s method of communication to my organisation might not relate to my | | | |organisations policy and procedure e. g. he social worker wants to speak to the key worker ab out an | | |41-7c |individual, but our own policy might not warrant him to use such procedure because the social worker | | | |might be asking sensitive question that needs professional response. | | | |Difficulty in inter agency relationship can result into misunderstanding, communication barrier, | | | |incorrect information, miss interpretation, loss of information as well. | | | | | | | |An up to date knowledge of literature related to best practice in recording, reporting and developing | | | |and evaluating communication systems and methods. | | |-Attending training and professional development | | | |-Through research | | | |-Being showed by your supervisor and manager as they may have more years of experience and accumulated| | |41-7d |knowledge which they are happy to share with you. | | | |-Through the Internet: following up information on the internet to improve your knowledge. Be wary | | | |about the information you get from the internet make sure that they are from a reputable source such | | | |as a government department, a reputable university or colleges. | | |-working and discussing as a group or team | | | |In order to reflect best practice, it must be signed, dated, timed, factual, readable, and objective. | | | |In this case it has to posses’ professional quality and must be readable as well. | | | | | | | |An up to date knowledge of governments reports, inquires and research relevant to recording, | | |41-7g |reporting and personal, organisational, multi-disciplinary and multi- organisational communications. | | |Updating knowledge and skills by going for more training, making more research, journals, and internet| | | |liaising with governing bodies from time to time, maintenance of constant and very good relationship | | | |with other organisations from time to time. By doing all this, as a team leader I will definitely be | | | |able to update my knowledge and skills in terms of recording, reporting and personal, organisationa l, | | | |multi-disciplinary and multi organisational communication. | | | | | | | | | | |Theories about: | | | |Human growth and development and how it can affect communication abilities | | | |Age is one of the factors that render the immune system weak; this will have adverse effect on service| | | |users. In a situation when the service user gets very old he might not be able to hear clearly, this | | | |will prompt anybody that is speaking to them make some adjustment by raising the tone of their voice | | | |while speaking to them. | | | |It brings blur speech, memory loss, the hormones gets weak, and medical status changes. | |41-7h |Team work motivate the ability to perform a task and further more multidisciplinary team can share | | | |ideas, help each others improves language and your skills and ability to communicate with client | | | |effectively when handing over a shift. | | | | | | | |Communication abilities and skills and their impact on an individual. | | |A serv ice user who comes from a foreign background and doesn’t have English as his foreign language | | | |might lose his self esteem when he sees how other service users are relating to each other. | | | |The impact is that their needs might not be fully met; it might lead to frustration, abuse or bad | | | |practice. | | |41-9 | | | | | | | |Identity, self esteem and self image:- A language difference makes it difficult to reach their | | | |self-esteem or self-image for example if the client does not speak or right effectively it brings | | | |about withdrawal of one skill and ability to work as am group. | | | |This is the way that someone pictures him or herself. Loss of it might lead to isolation of one self | | | |and not being able to communicate his/her demands. | |41-10 | | | | |power relationship and how it can be used and abused when communicating with vulnerable people | | | |For instance, a carer might take a service user for granted due to the service user’s nature of | | | |health. In a case where the service user do forget easily, the carer can decide to give some | | | |information’s which are not professional in the presence of his service user because he knows that he| | | |will forget. | | | |Power can be used positively in terms of communication by encouraging the service user and it can be | | | |used the other way round by swearing and shouting on the service user. | | | | | | |multi-disciplinary and multi-organisational working and communication | | | |I a situation where an abuse have occurred , the staff that was involved face a disciplinary panel and| | | |POVA and other governing bodies within and outside the organisation could be involved. | | |41-11 | | | | |Evidence based research and knowledge based research and benefit of both when recording and | | | |reporting. | | |Making use of legislations and quotations while reporting . It makes them serve as future reference | | | |and legal document. This authentifies the report and makes it meet professional standard. | | | | | | | |Knowledge of physical and mental condition you are most likely to deal with and make judgement on when| | | |managing and processing request for services.From my own point of view there are some physical and | | | |mental conditions of my service user that I can easily decode the cause and know the next line of | | | |action. For example of my service user that his mental status deteriorates drastically I noticed that| | | |might be as a result of his age, I informed my manager, so I had to call the social worker and GP to | | | |come and access him, so his medications was reviewed. At the conclusion of the review. I contact the | | |41-14 |pharmacist to supply. | | | | | | |Health, social emotional, financial, and environmental factors that affects the communication skill | | | |and abilities and well bearing of individuals, families, groups and communities. This could be as a | | | |result of an unsafe working e nvironment this will definitely result into a couple of things within the| | | |working environment because there is no level of security for service users, visitors, staffs, and | | | |those outside the organisation as well. Health factor could be poor facilities for hygiene and other | | | |poor facilities as well which are not helping the people within and outside the organisation. | | | | | | |How different philosophies, principles, priorities and codes of practice can affect inter agency and | | | |partnership communication and working. This can affect inter agency relationships positively or | | | |negatively. Basically inter agency relationships in the context of communication can be of different | | | |medium. The computer can be used for data processing and updating or uploading.Phones can be used | | | |for calls, reporting, enquiry, receiving. The fax machine as well can be used for reporting, | | | |receiving. Internet could be used for research, emails, while the beeper could be used for sending | | | |signals. Different organisations can have policies; principles guiding the use of this medium in | | | |dissemination of information are which might either be to the advantage or disadvantage of the other | | |41-15 |agency that is relating to them. | | | | | | |Physical and mental conditions you are likely to deal with within your work with individual’s | | | |families, carers, groups and communities and their effect on the communication needs of individuals. | | | |Physical-Ageing, sickness, disabilities, memory lose, hearing impairments, lose of sight. Mental- | | | |dementia, depression, stress, dyspraxia, alzelmhers, and the effects can be inappropriate eactions, | | | |stress, anxiety, and frustration. Lastly their needs might not be met perfectly by their community due| | | |to their inability to communicate their requests. | | | | | | | |Specific equipments that will enable individuals with speaking, sight or hearing difficulties and | | | |additional needs or learning difficulties to receive and respond to information and how to access | | | |and use this. | | | |The specific aids used in the care setting to enable individuals with speaking, sight or hearing | | |41-17a |difficulties and additional needs or learning difficulties to meet their communication needs and | | | |preferences are hearing-aids, spectacles (glasses), communicative pictures, makaton, flash cards, | | | |computer audio communication systems, interpreter etc.Not the provision of this alone to individuals | | | |who need them but to encourage them in making use of it as well. | | | | | | | |The types of records and report that you are required to complete within your work role and how to | | | |complete them | | | |Below are the records and reports that I do complete within my work role. | | |The finance register, supervision form, annual appraisal, Criminal Record be rue check, Risk | | | |assessment, Care worker assessment, Reviews, Ca re plans, Minutes of meetings, Daily Logs, Handover,| | | |maintenance records . | | | |In order to state how to complete them, they should be dated, completed, clear enough, comprehensive, | | | |timed, location, witness, subject, and should be objective as well. | | | | | | | | | |41-17b |The different types of data that can be used within records and record and which are best for records | | | |and reports you need to access, complete use and develop-Basically data means information’s. The | | | |different kind of information’s needed in the care setting is of the following categories. | | |Financial: this could be the financial information’s about the home, individual, staffs and financial | | | |relationships with other organisations as well. | | | |Medical: this has to do with the medical information’s about an individual. | | | |Social: anyway in relation to the social status of an individual e. g. Members of his family, his wife| | |41-17c |and children. | | | |Research based: this as to do with information’s received based on the research I have made. | | |Statistical: statistical in the sense of the data base that I do update from time to time. | | | | | | | |Methods of working which facilitates the resolution of the conflicts that you are likely to face | | | |when communicating with individuals and key people. Be attentive, supportive, encourage, and provide | | | |adequate information.When it comes to resolution of conflicts in relation to communication, I have | | | |got to clarify all misunderstanding in a polite and informed manner in order not to cause another | | | |create bad feelings and if I can’t solve the conflict I refer to my manager to get advice or intervene| | |41-17d |to solve the issue at hand | | | | | | | |31.How and where information communication technologies can and should be used for communicating, | | | |recording and reporting | | | |Communication technologies can be used in dif ferent ways to pass information about the service user | | | |and the staff needs during the time of reviewing and updating information about service user this | | | |techno0logy can be use to pass on information to the appropriate people that need to know this | | | |information or needs to be involved in the reviewing of the information. | | | |Some equipment and how they are being used within the setting are stated below:- | | | |Computer:- store data, updating, recording | | | |Phones: – calls, enquiry, reporting. | | |41-17e |Fax: – reporting, receiving. | | |Internet: – Emails, reporting and receiving. | | | |Beeper: – For sending signals. | | | |Pagers:- reporting and receiving, | | | |Projector, Reporting, presentation, training. | | | |All the above equipment could be found within the care setting. The computer, phones. Fax, internet | | |41-17f |can be found in the office while the projector could be found in the training room. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |41-18 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |41-19 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |41-20 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |41-21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |41-23 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |41-26 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |41-27 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |41-29 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |41-31 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

How to Use the Spanish Word Según

Segà ºn is commonly used as a preposition that means according to or depending on. Also, segà ºn  may be used as an adverb meaning just as or it depends. In rarer  cases, it can be used as a conjunction meaning, depending on. The u in  segà ºn always has an accent mark. Segà ºn Used as a Preposition As a preposition, the word  segà ºn  means according to, reported by, or depending on. When the prepositional phrase is according to a person, the preposition is followed by a  subject pronoun  rather  than a  prepositional pronoun. For example, the correct pronouns would be  segà ºn yo,  segà ºn tà º,  segà ºn ella,  segà ºn nosotros, etc. Spanish Sentence English Translation La presidenta est viva, segn su esposo. The president is alive, according to her husband. Este tipo de poltica podra suponer, segn mi opinin, daos irreparables. This type of politics can cause, in my opinion, irreparable harm. Segn el pronstico, va a nevar. According to the forecast, its going to snow. Segn Andrea, Pedro est ms feliz que nunca. According to Andrea, Pedro is happier than ever. Segn lo que pasa, nos decidiremos luego. Depending on what happens, well decide later. Segn mi libro, los cerdos no son sucios. According to my book, pigs arent dirty. Segn t, no es necesario. According to you, its not necessary. Segà ºn Used as a Conjunction Unlike most other prepositions, segà ºn is sometimes followed by a verb. In the case of this usage, it is classified by most grammarians as a conjunction.  As a conjunction it can be used to mean, depending on, just as or as. Spanish Sentence or Phrase English Translation segn se vea depending on how one sees it segn como me encuentre depending on how I feel segn est el tiempo depending on the weather Segn tienen hambre, es importante que coman. As they are hungry, it is important that they eat. Todos quedaron segn estaban. All stayed as they were. segn lo dej just as I left it Hace anotaciones segn va leyendo. She makes notes as she reads. Segn estn las cosas, es mejor no intervenir. The way things are, its better to not get involved. Lo vi segn sala. I saw him as I was going out. Segn bamos entrando nos daban la informacin. They gave us the information as we went in. Segà ºn Used as an Adverb Segà ºn sometimes stands alone. In these cases, it often means it depends, and it is usually acting as an adverb. It can also mean, just as, when used to describe the manner something occurred or it can mean, as, when used to describe the time that something occurred. Spanish Sentence or Phrase English Translation Comer o no comer, segn. Ill eat or I wont, it just depends. Vas a estudiar? [Response] Segn. Are you going to study? [Response] It depends. segn y como it all depends on Sucedi segn dijo. It happened just as he said. Segn llegan los aviones, bajan las maletas. As the planes arrive they unload the baggage.